Hi people ! 🤓
Today’s thread is about Epilepsy!
Hope you like it !🙃
#فضفضة_طالب_طب
#صوت_الطبيب
#طالب_طب
Today’s thread is about Epilepsy!
Hope you like it !🙃
#فضفضة_طالب_طب
#صوت_الطبيب
#طالب_طب
Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder when brain activity becomes abnormal, unprovoked recurrent seizures and sometimes loss of awareness from the surrounding.
A seizure is a time where an excessive electrical activity happens in the neurons of the brain.🤦🏽♀️
To get the picture right, 😉
Normally in neurons, electrical signals happen due to the movement of ions.
It's controlled by two types of neurotransmitters:
1. Excitatory neurotransmitters👉🏼when it binds to its receptor, ion channels open up and the flow of signals happen.
Normally in neurons, electrical signals happen due to the movement of ions.
It's controlled by two types of neurotransmitters:
1. Excitatory neurotransmitters👉🏼when it binds to its receptor, ion channels open up and the flow of signals happen.
2. The second type is the inhibitory neurotransmitters👉🏼 from its name, they inhibit or stop the flow of signals because when they bind to its receptor, ion channels close up🙅🏽♀️
During a paroxysmal discharge, when excitation is high or inhibition is too low, signals are abnormally sent between neurons, causing an excessive electrical activity, and well
🙃 volaaaaa ✨👉🏼 a seizure happens.
🙃 volaaaaa ✨👉🏼 a seizure happens.
The causes of seizures may vary, from genetic mutations to brain lesions to even some type of medications, etc.
So, what does really happen between neurons?
In the excitatory neurotransmitters, Glutamate is the leader of excitation🤴🏽
It not only plays a role in causing seizures but it also causes ’epileptogenesis’ (when a normal brain undergoes certain predisposing factor (like brain trauma) 👉🏼THEN epilepsy emerges)
It not only plays a role in causing seizures but it also causes ’epileptogenesis’ (when a normal brain undergoes certain predisposing factor (like brain trauma) 👉🏼THEN epilepsy emerges)
Glutamate allows the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors to open up so calcium ions enter 👉🏼 Neurones start transmitting electrical signals
People with epilepsy have a rapid activation of these receptors (NMDA)
People with epilepsy have a rapid activation of these receptors (NMDA)
In inhibitory neurotransmitters, gamma-Aminobutyric acid (GABA) is the master🤵🏽of inhibition
This works when GABA neurotransmitter bind to the GABA receptors👉🏼 allowing chloride ions to enter 👉🏼 inhibiting any electrical signal transmission
This works when GABA neurotransmitter bind to the GABA receptors👉🏼 allowing chloride ions to enter 👉🏼 inhibiting any electrical signal transmission
Genetic mutation is one of the causes that can impair GABA receptors
👉🏼”impairing the inhibition”
👉🏼”impairing the inhibition”
And both receptors can be affected by brain lesions like tumours, trauma, infection, or even some type of medications.
When the uncontrollable excitation happens, signs appear, like loss of awareness, jerking, etc. Sometimes the person would experience symptoms like fear or even smell some sort of smell.
But then again it depends on which side of the brain that is affected🤔
Seizures are grouped depending on the area that is affected.
If only one area is affected (either one hemisphere or one lobe)
It's called partial ’focal seizures’
If only one area is affected (either one hemisphere or one lobe)
It's called partial ’focal seizures’
Focal seizures are divided into 2 types
First,
1. Simple partial seizures 👉🏼 aware (without loss of consciousness)
Only a small area of the brain is affected.
First,
1. Simple partial seizures 👉🏼 aware (without loss of consciousness)
Only a small area of the brain is affected.
The symptoms may appear as strange sensations like smell, taste, look (flashing light) or even alter emotions like fear.
Jerking movements does occur but in only the muscle group that the impaired nerves control.
Jerking movements does occur but in only the muscle group that the impaired nerves control.
There is something called the
👉🏼Jacksonian March/seizure
👉🏼 the seizures start with tonic contraction of the distal part of the limb 👉🏼 then these contractions spread (march) from the affected muscle to other muscles on the same side of the body.(ipsilateral)
👉🏼Jacksonian March/seizure
👉🏼 the seizures start with tonic contraction of the distal part of the limb 👉🏼 then these contractions spread (march) from the affected muscle to other muscles on the same side of the body.(ipsilateral)
2. Complex partial seizure (with loss of consciousness or impaired awareness)
For example, here the person would do repetitive movements (Automatisms)
For example, here the person would do repetitive movements (Automatisms)
But, If the two lobes are affected it’s called
👉🏼Generalised seizures (and there are six types)
👉🏼Generalised seizures (and there are six types)
Generalised seizures involve both hemispheres of the brain 🧠
Yet 🤔some seizures begin with partial seizures then end up with generalised seizrues
👉🏼they're called ’Secondary Generalised Seizures’
Yet 🤔some seizures begin with partial seizures then end up with generalised seizrues
👉🏼they're called ’Secondary Generalised Seizures’
Tonic seizures
👉🏼 muscles (mostly of the back, arms, and legs) get stiff so the person falls to the ground.
👉🏼 muscles (mostly of the back, arms, and legs) get stiff so the person falls to the ground.
Atonic seizures 👉🏼” drop seizures” loss of muscle control, the person may collapse/fall down
Absence seizures👉🏼 ’petit mal seizures’ a staring spell😳 that a person loses consciousness for about 30 seconds then quickly becomes aware🙃
Clonic seizures 👉🏼 rhythmical jerking or convulsions
Tonic-clonic seziures👉🏼 from the name it combines two types tonic (muscles get stiff), followed by clonic (rhythmical jerking)
Tonic-clonic seziures👉🏼 from the name it combines two types tonic (muscles get stiff), followed by clonic (rhythmical jerking)
Myoclonic seziures👉🏼 brief jerks (muscle twitches) of one's arms or legs
One of the symptoms that a person would experience after a seizure 👉🏼 postictal confusion - temporary
Some of the diagnosis is made by;
👉🏼Brain imaging (CT, MRI, etc),
it's mostly done for people who are not known to have seizures, so imaging is used to check for brain lesions/abnormality.
👉🏼 EEG to record and detect the brain’s electrical activity.
👉🏼Brain imaging (CT, MRI, etc),
it's mostly done for people who are not known to have seizures, so imaging is used to check for brain lesions/abnormality.
👉🏼 EEG to record and detect the brain’s electrical activity.
Treatment is usually Anti-epileptic,
And for surgery there is a Vagus nerve stimulation an implant ’device’ connected to the vagus nerve
It works by sending electrical signals to the vagus nerve👉🏼then to the brain👉🏼 inhibit seizures.☺️👍🏼
And for surgery there is a Vagus nerve stimulation an implant ’device’ connected to the vagus nerve
It works by sending electrical signals to the vagus nerve👉🏼then to the brain👉🏼 inhibit seizures.☺️👍🏼
Then again since seizures vary from patient to patient so diagnosis and treatment are made according to the type, severity, and the patient's medical history.😁👍🏼
تمت بحمدالله 🌷
يارب أكون وفقت في اختيار موضوع يفيدكم و ينال إعجابكم
عذراً على الإطالة
و بالتوفيق يا رب و لا تنسونا من صالح دعائكم💜
Thanks for being awesome😎
يارب أكون وفقت في اختيار موضوع يفيدكم و ينال إعجابكم
عذراً على الإطالة
و بالتوفيق يا رب و لا تنسونا من صالح دعائكم💜
Thanks for being awesome😎
Loading suggestions...