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A MOST interesting research into influenza transmission was done during the 1918/19 pandemic by the Public Health Service and the U.S. Navy. The results were unexpected and literally startling. NO human to human method of transmission was experimentally confirmed! Read on...
A MOST interesting research into influenza transmission was done during the 1918/19 pandemic by the Public Health Service and the U.S. Navy. The results were unexpected and literally startling. NO human to human method of transmission was experimentally confirmed! Read on...
2/7
The studies were conducted under the supervision of Milton Rosenau on Gallops Island, the quarantine station in Boston Harbor, and on Angel Island, its counterpart in San Francisco. The experiment began with 100 volunteers from the Navy who had no history of influenza.
The studies were conducted under the supervision of Milton Rosenau on Gallops Island, the quarantine station in Boston Harbor, and on Angel Island, its counterpart in San Francisco. The experiment began with 100 volunteers from the Navy who had no history of influenza.
3/7
Rosenau was the first to report on the experiments conducted at Gallops Island in November and December 1918. His first volunteers received first one strain and then several strains of Pfeiffer bacillus by spray and swab into their noses and throats and then into their eyes.
Rosenau was the first to report on the experiments conducted at Gallops Island in November and December 1918. His first volunteers received first one strain and then several strains of Pfeiffer bacillus by spray and swab into their noses and throats and then into their eyes.
4/7
When it failed to produce disease, others were inoculated with mixtures of other organisms isolated from the throats and noses of influenza patients. Next some volunteers received injections of blood from influenza patients. Finally, 13 of the volunteers were taken into an..
When it failed to produce disease, others were inoculated with mixtures of other organisms isolated from the throats and noses of influenza patients. Next some volunteers received injections of blood from influenza patients. Finally, 13 of the volunteers were taken into an..
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β¦influenza ward and exposed to 10 influenza patients each. Each volunteer was to shake hands with each patient, to talk with him at close range, and to permit him to cough directly into his face. None of the volunteers in these experiments developed influenza.
β¦influenza ward and exposed to 10 influenza patients each. Each volunteer was to shake hands with each patient, to talk with him at close range, and to permit him to cough directly into his face. None of the volunteers in these experiments developed influenza.
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Rosenau was clearly puzzled, and he cautioned against drawing conclusions from negative results. He ended his article in JAMA with a telling acknowledgement:
βWe entered the outbreak with a notion that we knew the cause of the disease,β¦
Rosenau was clearly puzzled, and he cautioned against drawing conclusions from negative results. He ended his article in JAMA with a telling acknowledgement:
βWe entered the outbreak with a notion that we knew the cause of the disease,β¦
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β¦ and were quite sure we knew how it was transmitted from person to person.
Perhaps, if we have learned anything, it is that we are not quite sure what we know about the disease.β
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
β¦ and were quite sure we knew how it was transmitted from person to person.
Perhaps, if we have learned anything, it is that we are not quite sure what we know about the disease.β
ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
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