@shrikanth_krish There were also Eurasian steppe Indo-Iranians @ that time who survived till their eventual absorption into Turkic &Mongolic expansions. Several of these: Alani, shaka, kushana, arimaspa, ashvi > Wusun. Also soma transmission to old chIna-s.We have their characteristic R1a Y-haplo

@shrikanth_krish Even the original Indo-Aryan confederation seems to have straddled the Indian& steppe zone to the north because Narasimhan et all reported at least 1 in the steppe with clear Indian admixture from roughly that time. As for mitanni, latest archaeology suggests that they might have

@shrikanth_krish ruled as much as 1700-1350 BCE. This is a fairly long presence for a rather small Indo-Aryan group -- it is clear they were just a superimposed on the older Hurrian population. Hence, their absorption is unsurprising given that even larger groups got absorbed on the steppes with

@shrikanth_krish the new expansions out of Mongolia. I think the steppe while home & cradle of the Indo-Europeans was not stable enough to sustain great empires & efflorescence like India or Iran. 1 could compare this with the Mogol& Turk invasions of inner Asia along with stabilization in the

@shrikanth_krish new lands they had conquered. In the case of the Islamics -- an efflorescence for them but a horror story for India.