Offensive War in Islam (Hanafī Fiqh):
Mukhtasar by Imam al Qudūrī (d. 428AH)
"Jihād is a communal obligation, when a group of the people establish it, it lapses from the rest, but if none of them establish it all of the people are liable wrongdoing by its omission.
Mukhtasar by Imam al Qudūrī (d. 428AH)
"Jihād is a communal obligation, when a group of the people establish it, it lapses from the rest, but if none of them establish it all of the people are liable wrongdoing by its omission.
Fighting disbelievers is obligatory, even it they do not initiate fight against us.....
..When Muslims enter abode of war(i.e. land of disbelievers) and they lay siege to a city or to a fort, they invite [the inhabitants] to Islam.
..When Muslims enter abode of war(i.e. land of disbelievers) and they lay siege to a city or to a fort, they invite [the inhabitants] to Islam.
If (the inhabitants) accept them, (then Muslims) desist from fighting them, but if they decline, (the Muslims) call them to pay Jizyah.
If they give it (Jizyah), then they have (as their rights) whatever the Muslims have, and (legal duties) due on them are whatever are due......
If they give it (Jizyah), then they have (as their rights) whatever the Muslims have, and (legal duties) due on them are whatever are due......
( on Muslims).
It is not permitted to fight those whom the invitation of Islam has not reached, except after the Muslims have called them to Islam.
It is recommended to call those whom the invitation of Islam has already reached but that is not obligatory(before fighting).
It is not permitted to fight those whom the invitation of Islam has not reached, except after the Muslims have called them to Islam.
It is recommended to call those whom the invitation of Islam has already reached but that is not obligatory(before fighting).
If they refuse, Muslims should seek help of Allāh against them and wage war on them.
They should fire catapults at them and burn down (their occupation and strategic positions). They should unleash water against them and cut down their trees and destroy their crops
They should fire catapults at them and burn down (their occupation and strategic positions). They should unleash water against them and cut down their trees and destroy their crops
There is no objection in shooting them (with arrows), even though there may be Muslim prisoners or traders amongst them.
If they shield themselves with children of the Muslims, or with prisoners, [the Muslims] should not cease shooting at them [with arrows].
If they shield themselves with children of the Muslims, or with prisoners, [the Muslims] should not cease shooting at them [with arrows].
With the shooting [of arrows, etc.] they target non-Muslims, but not the Muslims.
There is no objection in taking women and copies of the Qur’ān (musḥafs) with the Muslims when the army is great and there is confidence in it.
There is no objection in taking women and copies of the Qur’ān (musḥafs) with the Muslims when the army is great and there is confidence in it.
It is disapproved to take them in a detachment (sariyyah) when there is no confidence in it.
The Muslims are required not to be treacherous, act unfaithfully in taking from the spoils,do mutilation, or
kill a woman, a minor, an enfeebled old man, the blind, or the disabled,
The Muslims are required not to be treacherous, act unfaithfully in taking from the spoils,do mutilation, or
kill a woman, a minor, an enfeebled old man, the blind, or the disabled,
unless any one of these [persons] are people who have an insight into war, or the woman is a queen.
The insane are not to be killed [either]."
Kanz al-Daqa'iq by 'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi (d. 710AH):
الجهاد فرض كفاية ابتداء فإن قام به بعض سقط عن الكل وإلا أثموا بتركه
The insane are not to be killed [either]."
Kanz al-Daqa'iq by 'Abd Allah ibn Ahmad al-Nasafi (d. 710AH):
الجهاد فرض كفاية ابتداء فإن قام به بعض سقط عن الكل وإلا أثموا بتركه
"Initiating Jihād is communal obligation, and when a group of the people establish it, it lapses from the rest, but if none of them establish it all of the people are sinning for abondoning it."
al Hidayah by al Marghinani (d. 593 AH):
"Fighting the disbelievers is necessary,
al Hidayah by al Marghinani (d. 593 AH):
"Fighting the disbelievers is necessary,
even if they do not initiate, due to the generality (of the commands)...
...When Muslims enter abode of war(i.e. land of disbelievers) and they lay siege to a city or to a fort, they invite [the inhabitants] to Islam. Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنه narrated that the Prophet ﷺ, didn't
...When Muslims enter abode of war(i.e. land of disbelievers) and they lay siege to a city or to a fort, they invite [the inhabitants] to Islam. Ibn Abbas رضي الله عنه narrated that the Prophet ﷺ, didn't
fight people until he has called them to Islam.
If they respond to call (& accept Islam) then war isn't fought with them since that purpose(of war) was acheived (by them having accepted Islam)Prophet ﷺ said, "I have been commanded to fight people until they say there is...
If they respond to call (& accept Islam) then war isn't fought with them since that purpose(of war) was acheived (by them having accepted Islam)Prophet ﷺ said, "I have been commanded to fight people until they say there is...
...no God but Allah" He ﷺ said "If they refuse(to accept Islam),invite them to pay the Jizyah.” ...Ali رضي الله عنه said, "They(disbelievers /dhimmis) pay the jizya, so that their blood is like our blood, and their money is like our money"
Ayah on Jihad being a communal obligation
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