Rattibha

Ahl al-Ilm and innovations 🧵

al-Imām Muhammad Ibn Idrīs al-Shāfi'ī (d. 204) said:
Innovations are two; what agrees with the Sunnah is a good innovation, and what opposes it is a bad innovation.

He also said:
What is innovated is of two kinds:
-What is innovated that contradicts the Qur'ān or Sunnah.
-And what is innovated that does not contradict them, which is the good innovation.

Abu Sulaymān al-Khattābī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 388) said: His saying ﷺ (Every innovation) is specific to some issues but not others...
...If the innovation was built on the foundations of the religion, it would not be a Bid'ah or misguidance.

Ibn Battāl al-Mālikī (d. 449) said: Innovations that conflict with the Sunnah are a misguidance, and what agrees with it is guidance.

al-Hāfidh Abu Bakr al-Bayhaqī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 458) differentiates between the good innovations and the bad following his Imām, Muhammad Ibn Idrīs رضي الله عنه.

al-Hāfidh Ibn Abd al-Barr al-Mālikī (d. 463) said: Innovations that contradict the Sunnah, there is no good in, and they must be shunned. As for innovations that do not oppose the Sunnah, those are praiseworthy innovations.

Hujjat al-Islām Abu Hāmid al-Ghazālī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 505) said: Not all of what is innovated is rejected, only that which opposes the Sunnah.

al-Qādī Abu Bakr Ibn al-Arabī al-Mālikī (d. 543) said: Innovations are of two types, innovations without an Asl except desires, and innovations that have a foundation in the Sunnah.

al-Qādī Iyād al-Mālikī (d. 544) said: Innovations that can be extracted from the Sunnah are praiseworthy, and innovations that contradict the Sunnah are a misguidance.

Ibn Hubayra al-Andalusī (d. 560) said: Not all innovations are rejected, like that of Umar Ibn al-Khattāb رضي الله عنه.

Hāfidh al-Dunyā Abu al-Qāsim Alī Ibn Asākir al-Dimashqī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 571) said: Not every innovation is a misguidance; for innovations are both praiseworthy and blameworthy without a difference to the majority [of scholars].
al-Shāfi'ī said: Innovations are two...

Sibt Ibn al-Jawzī (d. 654) said: Innovations are two; the disliked and the praiseworthy.

Abu al-Abbās al-Qurtubī (d. 656) said: The innovations referred to by the Prophet ﷺ are the innovations without a foundation in the religion that supports them.

Sultān al-Ulamā' al-Izz Ibn Abd al-Salām al-Shāfi'ī (d. 660) said: Innovations are divided into 5 groups; the mandatory, the recommended, the permissible, the disliked and the prohibited.
Each case is compared to the Sunnah and a verdict is given accordingly.

al-Hāfidh Abu Shāma al-Maqdisī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 665) said: Innovations are split into praiseworthy innovations and blameworthy innovations.

Abu Abdullāh al-Qurtubī al-Mālikī (d. 671) said: Innovations that conflict with the Sunnah are discarded and opposed, as opposed to the praiseworthy innovations, as was said by al-Khattābī and others.

al-Hāfidh Abu Zakariyya Yahyā Ibn Sharaf al-Nawawī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 676) agreed with al-Izz Ibn Abd al-Salām in innovations branching into 5 categories.

Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qarāfī al-Mālikī (d. 684) said innovations are of 5 categories.

al-Qādī Nāsir al-Dīn al-Baydāwī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 685) said: The innovations that are rejected are those that are innovated without a clear or ambiguous foundation in the Sunnah that they can be derived from.

Shams al-Dīn al-Ba'lī al-Hanbalī (d. 709) said: Innovations are two, the praiseworthy and the blameworthy. The 5 categories apply to innovations.

Sharaf al-Dīn al-Tībī (d. 743) said: The narration of shunning innovations is a general narration that is specified to the blameworthy innovations. As the Imām, whos status has been agreed upon, al-Izz Ibn Abd al-Salām said: Innovations are of 5 categories.

al-Hāfidh Ibn Kathīr al-Dimashqī (d. 774) said: Innovations are two; the religious innovation that is shunned by his saying ﷺ "every innovation is a misguidance", and the linguistic innovation like the saying of Sayyidna Umar.

A quick note here:
When some scholars say "linguistic innovation", they mean that this innovation is not one that has been shunned by the Sharī'ah. So innovations for them, are the rejected innovations that are condemned by legislation for opposing it.

Thus the difference here is semantical, what some called linguistic others called Bid'ah Hasana.
Their intentions are the same, والله الموفق.

Shams al-Dīn al-Kirmānī (d. 786) said innovations are of 5 categories

Sa'd al-Dīn al-Taftāzānī al-Hanafī (d. 793) said: Some of the ignoramuses of our time have said that all of what was innovated after the Prophet ﷺ are innovations of misguidance, and they are unaware that the matter is the opposite of that.

Badr al-Dīn al-Zarkashī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 794) said innovations are of 5 categories

al-Hāfidh Ibn Rajab al-Hanbalī (d. 795) said: the rejected innovations are the ones with no foundation in the Sharī'ah, as for what agrees with it then it is linguistically an innovation (for not existing at his time ﷺ) and not a shunned innovation in light of the Sharī'ah.

Ibn al-Mulaqqin (d. 804) said as al-Shaykh Izz al-Dīn Ibn Abd al-Salām on the 5 categories of innovations.
Shams al-Dīn al-Birmāwī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 831); innovations are of 5 categories.

Amīr al-Mu'minīn al-Hāfidh Shihāb al-Dīn Ibn Hajar al-Asqalānī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 852) said that innovations are two, the praiseworthy and the blameworthy. Innovations are of 5 categories.

Badr al-Dīn al-Aynī al-Hanafī (d. 855) said innovations are of two types.

Shams al-Dīn al-Sakhāwī (d. 902) was asked about how the Hadīth of innovations and splitting innovations into 5 categories do not contradict.
He said: The Hadīth is referring to the blameworthy innovations that contradict the Qur'ān and Sunnah.

al-Hāfidh Jalāl al-Dīn al-Suyūtī (d. 911) said: Innovations are either praiseworthy or blameworthy.

Shihāb al-Dīn al-Qastallānī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 923) said: "Every innovation is a misguidance" is a general narration that is specified. Innovations are of 5 categories.

Shaykh al-Islām Abu Yahyā Zakariyyā al-Ansārī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 926) said: "Every innovation is a misguidance" is a general narration that is specified, to the blameworthy innovations.

Shaykh al-Islām Shihāb al-Dīn Ibn Hajar al-Haytamī al-Shāfi'ī (d. 974) said innovations are of 5 categories.

al-Mullah Alī al-Qārī al-Hanafī (d. 1014)
Innovations are 5 categories, the narration refers to the blameworthy.

Zayn al-Dīn al-Munāwī (d. 1031) said blameworthy innovations are the innovations that contradict the Sharī'ah

Mar'ī al-Karmī al-Hanbalī (d. 1033) said that innovations are not all a misguidance, rather it is as al-Izz Ibn Abd al-Salām said: They are of 5 categories.