Important Environmental Conventions you must know for UPSC CSE -
(A thread) π
(A thread) π
β’ Montreal Protocol - Ozone Depletion
β’ Kyoto protocol - Global warming
β’ Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants - Legally Binding. Under UNEP. Total 30 POPs
Dirty Dozen: 12 POPs that are the most dangerous. It includes Dioxins
β’ Kyoto protocol - Global warming
β’ Stockholm Convention on Persistent Organic Pollutants - Legally Binding. Under UNEP. Total 30 POPs
Dirty Dozen: 12 POPs that are the most dangerous. It includes Dioxins
β’ Rotterdam Convention on Hazardous chemicals - Promotes open exchange of information & calls on exporters of hazardous chemicals to use proper labeling, include directions on safe handling& inform purchasers of any known restrictions. Created 'Prior Informed Consent' process.
β’ Honolulu strategy - framework for a comprehensive & global collaborative effort to reduce the ecological, human health, and economic impacts of marine debris worldwide.
β’ βColombo Declarationβ Ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030. (Sustainable Nitrogen Management), UNEP
β’ βColombo Declarationβ Ambition to halve nitrogen waste by 2030. (Sustainable Nitrogen Management), UNEP
β’ Bonn Convention - Convention on the conservation of migratory species of wild animals (CMS)
β’ Nairobi Convention- partnership between governments, civil society & pvt sector, working towards a prosperous Western Indian Ocean Region with healthy rivers, coasts and oceans.
β’ Nairobi Convention- partnership between governments, civil society & pvt sector, working towards a prosperous Western Indian Ocean Region with healthy rivers, coasts and oceans.
β’ Basel Convention on control of trans-boundary movements of hazardous wastes and their disposal - It aims at preventing and minimising the generation of wastes including those ending up in ocean.
It does not cover radioactive waste.
(Not in My Backyard, Nimby syndrome)
It does not cover radioactive waste.
(Not in My Backyard, Nimby syndrome)
β’ Basel Ban Amendment: It prohibits all export of hazardous wastes, including electronic wastes and obsolete ships from 29 wealthiest countries of the OECD to non-OECD countries.
India have not ratified this amendment.
India have not ratified this amendment.
β’ Minimata Convention on Mercury - an international treaty designed to protect human health and the environment from anthropogenic emissions and releases of mercury and mercury compounds.
β’ Cartagena Protocol on biosafety (Living modified organisms) [under CBD]
β’ Cartagena Protocol on biosafety (Living modified organisms) [under CBD]
β’ Nagoya Protocol on Access to Genetic Resources and the Fair and Equitable Sharing of Benefits Arising from their Utilization [under CBD]
β’ Vienna Convention : Ozone. Under it Montreal protocol was signed
β’ Vienna Convention : Ozone. Under it Montreal protocol was signed
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