EVIDENCE FROM INDEPENDENT SOURCES [HADITH RELIABILITY]
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Alongside Islamic records, we have multiple written records about Muhammad ﷺ from independent, non-Muslim sources that lived during his time.
The Doctrina Jacobi Nuper Baptizati is a seventh century work by a Christian approximately 2 years after the death of Muhammad ﷺ. In this dialogue between a Christian and some Jews, the author reveals the appearance of a new Prophet among the Saracens (Arabs). [1]
Similarly, below is a short seventh century Nestorian chronicle known as the Khuzistan Chronicle. It gives a brief account of the Muslim invasions of Persia and mentions that they were under the leadership of 'Muhammad'. [2]
Finally, one of the most interesting accounts of the seventh century comes from Sebeos who was a bishop of the House of Bagratunis.
Sebeos is the first non-Muslim author to present us with a theory for the rise of Islam that pays attention to what the Muslims themselves thought they were doing. As for Muhammad ﷺ, he has the following to say: [3]
We can see that Sebeos knows plenty of personal information about Muhammad ﷺ. For example, he is aware that Muhammad ﷺ was a merchant by profession before his prophethood.
He hints that his life was suddenly changed by a divinely inspired revelation. He presents a good summary of Muhammad’s ﷺ preaching, i.e. belief in one God and Abraham as a common ancestor of Jews and Arabs.
He even picks out some of the prohibitions which are mentioned in the Quran, such as false speech and the drinking of alcohol.
All this information that Sebeos presents accurately conforms to the Muslim traditions.
Many take such detailed, early, and accurate accounts about Muhammad for granted, but it’s actually quite rare with figures from ancient history.
What we can conclude is that there is no doubt about the existence and mission of Muhammad ﷺ who lived during the 7th century, which multiple early and independent sources confirm.
REFERENCES:
[1] R. G. Hoyland, Seeing Islam As Others Saw It: A Survey And Evalua¬tion Of Christian, Jewish And Zoroastrian Writings On Early Islam, p.57
[2] Ibid p.186
[3] R. L. Nettler, Medieval And Modern Perspectives On Muslim-Jewish Relations, p. 89
[1] R. G. Hoyland, Seeing Islam As Others Saw It: A Survey And Evalua¬tion Of Christian, Jewish And Zoroastrian Writings On Early Islam, p.57
[2] Ibid p.186
[3] R. L. Nettler, Medieval And Modern Perspectives On Muslim-Jewish Relations, p. 89
Source: Abu Zakariya, Forbidden Prophecies, p.104-107
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