New note on my archaeogenetics blog. Taking a look at the ancestry profile of the Swat Protohistoric samples: differences in Y-DNA and autosomal profile.
Pure BMAC/Oxus ancestry is not necessary for most of them.
vritrahan.blogspot.com
Pure BMAC/Oxus ancestry is not necessary for most of them.
vritrahan.blogspot.com
DNA profile of Ancient North Westerners.
DNA profile of modern North Westerners. You can see that we moderns have 5-8% more Steppe DNA than these Ancient Swat samples, and also vastly different Y-DNA profles.
One very noticeable difference is that Ancient Gandhara samples did not have much R1a-Z93 at all.
They were mostly of Indus Valley paternal lineages (J2, E1b, R2, L-M20) while modern North Westerners often have a majority of R1a-Z93 (52% in Kamboj, 65% in Khatris, 35% in Rors)
They were mostly of Indus Valley paternal lineages (J2, E1b, R2, L-M20) while modern North Westerners often have a majority of R1a-Z93 (52% in Kamboj, 65% in Khatris, 35% in Rors)
Look at the amount of R1a-Z93 in modern Punjabis/Gandharis
Khatri: 67%
Ahir: 63%
Pakistani Rajput: 60%
Pakistani Kashmiri: 50%
Pakistani Pathan: 45%
But where is all this R1a in Ancient Gandharis despite living in same place for millenia?
Khatri: 67%
Ahir: 63%
Pakistani Rajput: 60%
Pakistani Kashmiri: 50%
Pakistani Pathan: 45%
But where is all this R1a in Ancient Gandharis despite living in same place for millenia?
Notice how Gujjars have little R1a-Z93 & are mostly of Indus Valley paternal lineage! 60% haplogroup L-M11
This points to fact all these castes/tribes arise from different waves of Indo-Aryans mixing with Indus people. There was no one big wave but a slow trickle of migrants.
This points to fact all these castes/tribes arise from different waves of Indo-Aryans mixing with Indus people. There was no one big wave but a slow trickle of migrants.
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