Muhammad Baqir, an Iranian noble in the court of Jahangir, in his political treatise Advice on the Art of Governance, advocated against universal education and believed that maintaining social hierarchy was one of the key duties of a good king.
Baqir highly recommends emigration as it "takes an individual from the pit of obscurity to heights of glory."
According to Baqir, the Men of the Pen are superior to the Men of the Sword, for the latter can only conquer, whereas the former provides legitimacy to those conquests. He further vehemently condemns poverty, for one can "achieve any level of ascendancy with wealth."
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