A synopsis of Surat al-Kahf, the 18th chapter of the Quran.
A thread 🧵 I'll update through our the day:
A thread 🧵 I'll update through our the day:
1) It's name:
1a- al-Kahf, due to mention of a cave in it as found in Muslim from Abu alDarda
"Whoever memorizes the 1st 10 Ayat of Surat Al-Kahf, will be protected from Antichrist."
"من حفظ عشر آيات من أول سورة الكهف، عصم من الدجال"
1a- al-Kahf, due to mention of a cave in it as found in Muslim from Abu alDarda
"Whoever memorizes the 1st 10 Ayat of Surat Al-Kahf, will be protected from Antichrist."
"من حفظ عشر آيات من أول سورة الكهف، عصم من الدجال"
1b- Surat Ashāb al-Kahf, named for the inhabitants of that cave. This is found in al-Tirmidhi from alNawwās Ibn Sam'ān "Whoever among you sees him, then let him recite the beginning of Surah Ashab Al-Kahf."
"فَلْيَقْرَأْ فَوَاتِحَ سُورَةِ أَصْحَابِ الْكَهْفِ..."
"فَلْيَقْرَأْ فَوَاتِحَ سُورَةِ أَصْحَابِ الْكَهْفِ..."
2) Its virtues:
2a- Protection from the Dajjāl, as just mentioned that memorizing the first ten will be a protection from the Dajjāl, and that if you see the Dajjāl you should recite it for protection.
2a- Protection from the Dajjāl, as just mentioned that memorizing the first ten will be a protection from the Dajjāl, and that if you see the Dajjāl you should recite it for protection.
2b- Descent of Tranquility/ Sakīna on one who recites it, as found in Bukhari from al-Barā' that a cloud descended over it's reader & the Prophet said "Read, as this is the Sakīna that comes down due to the Quran"
فإنها السكينة نزلت للقرآن
فإنها السكينة نزلت للقرآن
2c- That a person who recites it on Friday will be illuminated until the next as in alHākim from Abu Saīd: Whoever recites surat al-Kahf on Friday will be illuminated with light until the next Friday."
من قرأ سورة الكهف في يوم الجمعة أَضاء له من النور ما بينه وَبين الجمعتين"
من قرأ سورة الكهف في يوم الجمعة أَضاء له من النور ما بينه وَبين الجمعتين"
3) Category: Kahf is from the "Mi'ieen" or the "Hundreds" as found in the Musnad from Wāthila "I was given in place of the Torah the 'Seven' and in place of the Psalms the 'Hundreds' and in place of the Gospel the Mathāni, and was preferred thru the Mufassal."
4) Sequence: It's the 18th chapter of the Quran, after Al-Isrā'. The relation between the two is Isra ends with praise of Allah, and Kahf begins with it.
5) Period: Surat al-Kahf is Makkan in it's entirety, with no verse of it having been revealed elsewhere.
6) chronology: Kahf is the 68th surah to be revealed, after AlGhāshiya and before Al-Shūra, making it relatively early in revelation as a whole, while parts of it were revealed later in the Makkan period.
7) Reason for revelation: Tabari collects from Ibn Abbas that Quraysh, unable to broker a deal with the Prophet ﷺ, sent a delegation to Medina to ask the Jews about how to stump him. They said ask him about 1) young men from long ago, 2) the Ruh, & 3) a king who traveled thrice.
8) Incipit: The chapter of Kahf begins with Praise (Hamd) , being one of 14 chapters that begins with Hamd.
9) Explicit: Kahf ends with exhortation to good deeds and belief for those wanting the next life. I have yet to gather all the endings of the chapters to categorize them.
9) Explicit: Kahf ends with exhortation to good deeds and belief for those wanting the next life. I have yet to gather all the endings of the chapters to categorize them.
10) Sections: Kahf can be divided into an intro, outro, and 5 general narratives:
1-8: Intro
9-31: Cave narrative
32-49: two parable narrative
50-59: Satan narrative
60-82: Moses & Khidr narrative
83-98: DhulQarnayn narrative
99-110: Outro
1-8: Intro
9-31: Cave narrative
32-49: two parable narrative
50-59: Satan narrative
60-82: Moses & Khidr narrative
83-98: DhulQarnayn narrative
99-110: Outro
11) The intro to Surat alKahf is found in verses 1-8.
a- It begins with Praise for revelation of the Book, describing the Prophet ﷺ as "His slave".
b- it's purpose: to warn those who disbeleve & concoct lies against God of punishment
c- to give glad tidings to believers.
a- It begins with Praise for revelation of the Book, describing the Prophet ﷺ as "His slave".
b- it's purpose: to warn those who disbeleve & concoct lies against God of punishment
c- to give glad tidings to believers.
d- to censor any sorrow one may have from disbelievers rejecting the message.
e- to clarify why what we have on earth is for: to test which of us will be best in deed and action. This is instructive for understanding the rest of the surah.
The first narrative, the cave, follows.
e- to clarify why what we have on earth is for: to test which of us will be best in deed and action. This is instructive for understanding the rest of the surah.
The first narrative, the cave, follows.
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