1/ "𝘈𝘭𝘭 people have a personality style and it is a mistake to conflate personality styles with 'disorders.' Unfortunately, the DSM, from the 3rd edition on, has led many clinicians to make just this mistake. To include personality styles in a taxonomy of 'disorders,' the

2/ framers of the DSM described personality styles in their most extreme & pathological forms. Because of this, many clinicians learned to ignore personality entirely unless a patient met criteria for a DSM-defined personality disorder. Many clinicians have come to equate any

3/ clinical reference to 𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦 with 𝘱𝘢𝘵𝘩𝘰𝘭𝘰𝘨𝘺. As a result, clinical understanding of personality has generally 𝘥𝘦volved rather than evolved, in ways that have served neither the mental health professions nor the patients and clients we treat."

4/ —proposed text for forthcoming Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, 3rd edition (PDM-3)