Manuj Jindal
Manuj Jindal

@manujjindalIAS

14 Tweets 9 reads Apr 07, 2023
Today I would like to share what I have learned about water supply infrastructure development & services in last 1.5 years. 🥤🚿🚰
It is one critical aspect in governance, whose importance we only understand in its absence.
A thread on Water Supply services & how its done:
1/n Water supply infrastructure has 3 important components:
a) Source
b) Storage & transportation
c) Distribution
All 3 require infrastructure & operations separately (& talking to each other)
Frm an administrative point, mgmt is done separately for urban & rural areas
2/n
When erecting a new water supply infra, these things are studied & measured:
a) Existing demand (based on estimated pop & statutory mandate liters per day per capita)
b) Expected demand (on 30 year predictive models)
c) Geographical terrain
d) Source capacity & yield
contd
3/n
...
e) Source sustainability
f) Quality of the source
g) Land availability for storage & transportation
h) Distribution network feasibility
i) Existing infra. capacity
j) Power requirements for distribution and pumping
k) Economics
More components go into this.
4/n
What doesn't go into official reports & technical but plays a critical role?
--> political equations at the local level
--> people's perception at the local level
--> contractors' lobby and official nexus
These factors have a direct impact on success of these projects
5/n
After detailed reports for infra are made, a long & exhaustive process of finding right contractors starts.
--> This is where probity in public governance is tested, as vested interests push back and forth, everyone has a view
--> Key is: strictly follow govt. processes
6/n
After works are awarded, unexpected developments may happen.
--> Contractor starts misbehaving
--> Local stakeholder equations disrupt plans
--> Other dept. permissions cause delay (Achilles heel in govt: every dept. works in silos)
--> Contractor is slow in execution
7/n
Urban areas have a much larger scope
--> imagine supplying water to 20 million people in Mumbai)
as compared to rural areas
--> anywhere from villages of 50 families to 5000 families
--> Urban is about scale & systems, small rural is more about local level management
8/n
In rural areas, we are implementing Jal Jeevan Mission, biggest water supply scheme in the World today.
--> 700 schemes covering 900+ villages being done in Thane district alone (with $100 million outlay in one year)
--> Mapping & monitoring so much is a never ending task
9/n
In peri-urban villages, I am a Board member in STEM, which is one of the few profitable water companies in municipal corporation areas in India. (a non-profit company)
--> It serves over a 10 million people daily
--> Creates water infrastructure & treatment plants, maintena
10/n
Building water infra is one challenge, maintaining it is even a bigger one.
--> Villages don't have manpower or know-how to maintain 30 year schemes
--> Geographical terrain throws problems never seen before
--> Unpaid water bills cripple infra & cause financial problems
11/n
Urban has a challenge of leak proof supply across 100 km long pipelines, water chori (theft), unpaid water bills, & burgeoning demand is always a pressure
--> Infra grows much slower than demand
--> Electricity bills often break finances of villages, hence switch to solar
12/n
Despite these long list of works, components & challenges, 100s of invisible engineers & water supply staff ensure water reaches your homes on time.
Many villages, specially small ones in geographically far-off & water scarce areas are hard to service & cost is too high
India's water infrastructure has MILES to go, but it has come MANY MANY miles as well.
Our growth has been too rapid, & to match it needs super powers :)
The dream is to have fountains in every city & village in Bharat where anyone can drink clean, healthy water for free. ⛲️🇮🇳

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