Education Technology Writing Artificial Intelligence Academic Writing Publishing AI
Mushtaq Bilal, PhD
Mushtaq Bilal, PhD

@MushtaqBilalPhD

13 Tweets 37 reads May 29, 2023
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Can you use AI-powered tools in acdemic writing?
According to leading academic publishers,
Yes, you can...
...if you follow these guidelines πŸ‘‡
Elsevier publishes 2,800+ academic journals including "The Lancet," the world's highest-impact journal.
βœ…According to Elsevier, you can use tools like ChatGPT if you provide a "Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process."
It should read:
"During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE]β€―in order toβ€―[REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed andβ€―edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for theβ€―content of theβ€―publication."
We ask authors who have used AI or AI-assisted tools to insert a statement at the end of their manuscript, immediately above the references, entitled β€˜Declaration of AI and AI-assisted technologies in the writing process’. In that statement, we ask authors to specify the tool that was used and the reason for using the tool. We suggest that authors follow this format when preparing their statement: During the preparation of this work the author(s) used [NAME TOOL / SERVICE]β€―in order toβ€―[REASON]. After using this tool/service, the author(s) reviewed andβ€―edited the content as needed and take(s) full responsibility for theβ€―content of theβ€―publication.
❌You CANNOT make an AI app like ChatGPT your coauthor becasue these apps don't qualify for authorship.
AI and AI-assisted tools do not qualify for authorship under Elsevier’s authorship policy. Authors who use AI or AI-assisted tools during the manuscript writing process are asked to disclose their use in a separate section of the manuscript. The publishing agreement process works as usual, with the author transferring copyright to Elsevier or the society partner for subscription articles, and retaining copyright, granting a license to Elsevier and selecting an end user Creative Commons license for open access articles.
❌ AI apps cannot be considered authors because "authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans."
Authorship implies responsibilities and tasks that can only be attributed to and performed by humans. Each (co-) author is accountable for ensuring that questions related to the accuracy or integrity of any part of the work are appropriately investigated and resolved and authorship requires the ability to approve the final version of the work and agree to its submission. Authors are also responsible for ensuring that the work is original, that the stated authors qualify for authorship, and the work does not infringe third party rights.
βœ… You can use tools like spelling and grammar checkers and reference managers like Zotero without disclosure.
No, this policy does not cover tools such as spelling or grammar checkers. In addition, the policy does not cover reference managers that enable authors to collect, organize, annotate and use references to scholarly articles – such as Mendeley, EndNote, Zotero and others. These tools can be used by authors without disclosure. This policy is specific to AI and AI-assisted tools, such as Large Language Models, which can generate output that may be used to create a scientific work.
Try Paperpal if you need a spelling/grammar checker for academic writing.
βœ… You can use AI-powered tools for data processing.
"Where AI or AI-assisted tools are used in this context, they should be described as part of the methodology of the work, with details provided in the Methods section."
No, this policy refers to generative AI and AI-assisted technologies, such as Large Language Models, when they are used during the scientific writing process. This policy does not prevent the use of AI and AI-assisted tools in formal research design or research methods. We recognize that this is common in many fields. Where AI or AI-assisted tools are used in this context, they should be described as part of the methodology of the work, with details provided in the Methods section.
βœ… You can use AI-powered tools to improve clarity of images.
❌ But you cannot use AI tools "to enhance, obscure, move, remove, or introduce a specific feature within an image."
It is not acceptable to enhance, obscure, move, remove, or introduce a specific feature within an image. Adjustments of brightness, contrast, or color balance are acceptable if and as long as they do not obscure or eliminate any information present in the original. Manipulating images for improved clarity is accepted, but manipulation for other purposes could be seen as scientific ethical abuse and will be dealt with accordingly. In consideration of this, we do not permit the use of AI or AI-assisted tools to create or alter images in submitted manuscripts. The only exception is if the use of AI or AI-assisted tools in the creation or alteration of images is part of the research design or research methods. If this is done, we require a clear description of the content that was created or altered, an explanation of how the AI or AI-assisted tools were used in the creation or alteration process, and the name of the model or tool, version and extension numbers, and manufacturer.
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Cambridge University Press is another leading publisher that provides guidelines on how to use AI tools.
βœ… You can use AI tools but you must declare it.
❌ You cannot make AI tools your coauthors.
AI Contributions to Research Content AI use must be declared and clearly explained in publications such as research papers, just as we expect scholars to do with other software, tools and methodologies. AI does not meet the Cambridge requirements for authorship, given the need for accountability. AI and LLM tools may not be listed as an author on any scholarly work published by Cambridge Authors are accountable for the accuracy, integrity and originality of their research papers, including for any use of AI. Any use of AI must not breach Cambridge’s plagiarism policy. Scholarly works must be the author’s own, and not present others’ ideas, data, words or other material without adequate citation and transparent referencing. Please note, individual journals may have more specific requirements or guidelines for upholding this policy.
The International Committee of Medical Journal Editors has similar guidelines.
βœ… You can use AI apps but you will have to declare it.
❌ You cannot make AI apps your coauthors.
At submission, the journal should require authors to disclose whether they used artificial intelligence (AI)-assisted technologies (such as Large Language Models [LLMs], chatbots, or image creators) in the production of submitted work. Authors who use such technology should describe, in both the cover letter and the submitted work, how they used it. Chatbots (such as ChatGPT) should not be listed as authors because they cannot be responsible for the accuracy, integrity, and originality of the work, and these responsibilities are required for authorship (see Section II.A.1). Therefore, humans are responsible for any submitted material that included the use of AI-assisted technologies. Authors should carefully review and edit the result because AI can generate authoritative-sounding output that can be incorrect, incomplete, or biased. Authors should not list AI and AI-assisted technologies as an author or co-author, nor cite AI as an author.
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