Kamran Ahmad, MD
Kamran Ahmad, MD

@drkamikhan123

25 Tweets 1 reads May 31, 2024
USMLE Step 2 CK: Most Common Risk Factors for Key Diseases
Welcome to the Thread!
(Part1)
Hello everyone! This thread is dedicated to discussing the most common risk factors associated with diseases frequently encountered in the USMLE Step 2 CK exam. Memories it on finger tips!
1/Hypertension (HTN)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Age (older adults)]
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ High sodium diet
πŸ‘‰ Obesity
2/Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Obesity]
πŸ‘‰ Physical inactivity
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ Age (over 45)
3/Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Hypertension]
πŸ‘‰ Hyperlipidemia
πŸ‘‰ Smoking
πŸ‘‰ Diabetes mellitus
4/ Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Smoking]
πŸ‘‰ Environmental/occupational exposures
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ Recurrent respiratory infections
5/Breast Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Female gender]
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ BRCA1/2 mutations
πŸ‘‰ Age (risk increases with age)
6/Colorectal Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Age (over 50)]
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ Personal history of IBD
πŸ‘‰ Diet high in red/processed meats
7/ Stroke
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Hypertension]
πŸ‘‰ Diabetes mellitus
πŸ‘‰ Hyperlipidemia
πŸ‘‰ Smoking
8/Osteoporosis
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Female gender (postmenopausal)]
πŸ‘‰ Low body weight
πŸ‘‰ Smoking
πŸ‘‰ Low calcium/vitamin D intake
9/Lung Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Smoking]
πŸ‘‰ Environmental exposures
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ Chronic lung diseases
10/Prostate Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Age (older men)]
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ African American ethnicity
πŸ‘‰ High-fat diet
11/Cervical Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [HPV infection]
πŸ‘‰ Multiple sexual partners
πŸ‘‰ Early sexual activity
πŸ‘‰ Smoking
12/Endometrial Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Obesity]
πŸ‘‰ Hormone replacement therapy
πŸ‘‰ Late menopause
πŸ‘‰ Nulliparity
13/Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Diabetes mellitus]
πŸ‘‰ Hypertension
πŸ‘‰ Glomerulonephritis
πŸ‘‰ Family history
14/Alzheimer’s Disease
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Age (older adults)]
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ ApoE-Ξ΅4 gene
πŸ‘‰ Cardiovascular disease
15/Pancreatic Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Smoking]
πŸ‘‰ Chronic pancreatitis
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ Diabetes mellitus
16/Gastric Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [H. pylori infection]
πŸ‘‰ Diet high in smoked/salted foods
πŸ‘‰ Chronic gastritis
πŸ‘‰ Family history
17/Liver Cirrhosis
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Chronic alcohol use]
πŸ‘‰ Hepatitis B/C infections
πŸ‘‰ NAFLD
πŸ‘‰ Genetic conditions
18/Bladder Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Smoking]
πŸ‘‰ Occupational exposures
πŸ‘‰ Chronic bladder inflammation
πŸ‘‰ Family history
19/Melanoma
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Excessive sun exposure]
πŸ‘‰ Fair skin, freckles, light hair
πŸ‘‰ Family history
πŸ‘‰ Multiple/atypical moles
20/Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [CAD]
πŸ‘‰ Hypertension
πŸ‘‰ Diabetes mellitus
πŸ‘‰ Smoking
21/Heart Failure
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Hypertension]
πŸ‘‰ CAD
πŸ‘‰ Diabetes mellitus
πŸ‘‰ Valvular heart disease
22/Peripheral Artery Disease (PAD)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Smoking]
πŸ‘‰ Diabetes mellitus
πŸ‘‰ Hypertension
πŸ‘‰ Hyperlipidemia
23/Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [Prolonged immobility]
πŸ‘‰ Surgery/trauma
πŸ‘‰ Cancer
πŸ‘‰ Oral contraceptives
24/Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD)
πŸ‘‰ Most Common Risk Factor: [H. pylori infection]
πŸ‘‰ NSAIDs
πŸ‘‰ Smoking
πŸ‘‰ Excessive alcohol use
Discussion & Tips
Feel free to add any additional risk factors or share your tips on how you remember these for the exam. Let’s help each other.

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