Important Medical Triads for USMLE Exams ๐ฉบ๐
๐งต1. Charcot's Triad (Cholangitis)
๐ Fever ๐ก๏ธ
๐ Right upper quadrant pain ๐ฉป
๐ Jaundice ๐ก
Explanation: Indicates acute cholangitis, an infection of the bile ducts.
๐งต1. Charcot's Triad (Cholangitis)
๐ Fever ๐ก๏ธ
๐ Right upper quadrant pain ๐ฉป
๐ Jaundice ๐ก
Explanation: Indicates acute cholangitis, an infection of the bile ducts.
2. Beck's Triad (Cardiac Tamponade)
๐ Hypotension ๐ป
๐ Distended neck veins (Jugular venous distension) ๐ง
๐ Muffled heart sounds โค๏ธโ๐ฉน
Suggestive of cardiac tamponade, where fluid accumulates in the pericardium.
๐ Hypotension ๐ป
๐ Distended neck veins (Jugular venous distension) ๐ง
๐ Muffled heart sounds โค๏ธโ๐ฉน
Suggestive of cardiac tamponade, where fluid accumulates in the pericardium.
3. Virchow's Triad (Thrombosis)
๐ Hypercoagulability ๐ฉธ
๐ Endothelial injury ๐ฅ
๐ Stasis of blood flow ๐
Key factors leading to the formation of a blood clot.
๐ Hypercoagulability ๐ฉธ
๐ Endothelial injury ๐ฅ
๐ Stasis of blood flow ๐
Key factors leading to the formation of a blood clot.
4. Triad of Toxoplasmosis in Congenital Infection
๐ Chorioretinitis ๐๏ธ
๐ Intracranial calcifications ๐ง
๐ Hydrocephalus ๐ง
Explanation: Common findings in congenital toxoplasmosis infection.
๐ Chorioretinitis ๐๏ธ
๐ Intracranial calcifications ๐ง
๐ Hydrocephalus ๐ง
Explanation: Common findings in congenital toxoplasmosis infection.
5. Reiter's Triad (Reactive Arthritis)
๐ Arthritis ๐ฆต
๐ Urethritis ๐ง
๐ Conjunctivitis ๐๏ธ
Explanation: Symptoms associated with reactive arthritis.
๐ Arthritis ๐ฆต
๐ Urethritis ๐ง
๐ Conjunctivitis ๐๏ธ
Explanation: Symptoms associated with reactive arthritis.
6. Whipple's Triad (Insulinoma)
๐ Symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., sweating, tremors, hunger) ๐ฌ
๐ Low plasma glucose level ๐
๐ Relief of symptoms after administration of glucose ๐ญ
Explanation: Diagnostic criteria for insulinoma, a pancreatic tumor.
๐ Symptoms of hypoglycemia (e.g., sweating, tremors, hunger) ๐ฌ
๐ Low plasma glucose level ๐
๐ Relief of symptoms after administration of glucose ๐ญ
Explanation: Diagnostic criteria for insulinoma, a pancreatic tumor.
7. Classic Triad of Pheochromocytoma
๐ Episodic headache ๐คฏ
๐ Sweating ๐ฆ
๐ Tachycardia โค๏ธ
Explanation: Symptoms of a pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor.
๐ Episodic headache ๐คฏ
๐ Sweating ๐ฆ
๐ Tachycardia โค๏ธ
Explanation: Symptoms of a pheochromocytoma, a catecholamine-secreting tumor.
8. Meniere's Triad
๐ Episodic vertigo ๐ช๏ธ
๐ Tinnitus ๐
๐ Hearing loss ๐
Explanation: Features of Meniere's disease, affecting the inner ear.
๐ Episodic vertigo ๐ช๏ธ
๐ Tinnitus ๐
๐ Hearing loss ๐
Explanation: Features of Meniere's disease, affecting the inner ear.
9. Triad of Wernicke's Encephalopathy
๐ Confusion ๐ค
๐ Ataxia ๐ถโโ๏ธ
๐ Ophthalmoplegia (typically nystagmus or lateral rectus palsy) ๐
Explanation: Neurological emergency due to thiamine deficiency.
๐ Confusion ๐ค
๐ Ataxia ๐ถโโ๏ธ
๐ Ophthalmoplegia (typically nystagmus or lateral rectus palsy) ๐
Explanation: Neurological emergency due to thiamine deficiency.
10. Classic Triad of Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome (HUS)
๐ Hemolytic anemia ๐ฉธ
๐ Acute kidney injury ๐ฝ
๐ Thrombocytopenia ๐งช
Explanation: Often seen in children after a gastrointestinal infection.
๐ Hemolytic anemia ๐ฉธ
๐ Acute kidney injury ๐ฝ
๐ Thrombocytopenia ๐งช
Explanation: Often seen in children after a gastrointestinal infection.
11. Samter's Triad (Aspirin-Exacerbated Respiratory Disease)
๐ Asthma ๐ฌ๏ธ
๐ Nasal polyps ๐
๐ Aspirin sensitivity ๐
Explanation: Chronic condition associated with nasal and respiratory symptoms.
๐ Asthma ๐ฌ๏ธ
๐ Nasal polyps ๐
๐ Aspirin sensitivity ๐
Explanation: Chronic condition associated with nasal and respiratory symptoms.
12. Cushing's Triad (Raised Intracranial Pressure)
๐ Hypertension ๐
๐ Bradycardia โค๏ธโ๐ฉน
๐ Irregular respirations ๐ค
Explanation: Signs indicating increased intracranial pressure.
๐ Hypertension ๐
๐ Bradycardia โค๏ธโ๐ฉน
๐ Irregular respirations ๐ค
Explanation: Signs indicating increased intracranial pressure.
13. Asherman's Syndrome Triad
๐ Secondary amenorrhea ๐ซ
๐ History of uterine surgery or trauma ๐ฅ
๐ Infertility ๐ผ
Explanation: These signs suggest scarring inside the uterine cavity, leading to menstrual and fertility issues.
๐ Secondary amenorrhea ๐ซ
๐ History of uterine surgery or trauma ๐ฅ
๐ Infertility ๐ผ
Explanation: These signs suggest scarring inside the uterine cavity, leading to menstrual and fertility issues.
14. Triad of Tuberous Sclerosis
๐ Seizures โก
๐ Intellectual disability ๐ง
๐ Facial angiofibromas ๐
Explanation: This triad is seen in tuberous sclerosis, a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs.
๐ Seizures โก
๐ Intellectual disability ๐ง
๐ Facial angiofibromas ๐
Explanation: This triad is seen in tuberous sclerosis, a genetic disorder affecting multiple organs.
15. Leriche Syndrome Triad
๐ Claudication ๐ฆต
๐ Impotence ๐
๐ Absent or diminished femoral pulses ๐ฉธ
Explanation: Triad indicating aortoiliac occlusive disease affecting lower limbs and pelvic circulation.
๐ Claudication ๐ฆต
๐ Impotence ๐
๐ Absent or diminished femoral pulses ๐ฉธ
Explanation: Triad indicating aortoiliac occlusive disease affecting lower limbs and pelvic circulation.
16. Boerhaave's Triad (Esophageal Rupture)
๐ Vomiting ๐คฎ
๐ Chest pain ๐ซ
๐ Subcutaneous emphysema ๐จ
Explanation: Classic signs of esophageal rupture due to forceful vomiting.
๐ Vomiting ๐คฎ
๐ Chest pain ๐ซ
๐ Subcutaneous emphysema ๐จ
Explanation: Classic signs of esophageal rupture due to forceful vomiting.
17. Classic Triad of O'Donoghue's Syndrome (Terrible Triad of the Knee)
๐ Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear ๐ฆต
๐ Medial meniscus tear ๐ฆต
๐ Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear ๐ฆต
Explanation: Triad of knee injuries often seen in sports trauma.
๐ Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear ๐ฆต
๐ Medial meniscus tear ๐ฆต
๐ Medial collateral ligament (MCL) tear ๐ฆต
Explanation: Triad of knee injuries often seen in sports trauma.
18. Carney Triad (Rare Tumor Syndrome)
๐ Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) ๐ฝ๏ธ
๐ Pulmonary chondroma ๐ซ
๐ Extra-adrenal paraganglioma ๐ซ
Explanation: Rare syndrome involving multiple tumors without a known genetic cause.
๐ Gastric gastrointestinal stromal tumor (GIST) ๐ฝ๏ธ
๐ Pulmonary chondroma ๐ซ
๐ Extra-adrenal paraganglioma ๐ซ
Explanation: Rare syndrome involving multiple tumors without a known genetic cause.
19. Triple Test for Down Syndrome Screening
๐ Maternal age ๐
๐ Serum markers (e.g., AFP, hCG) ๐
๐ Fetal nuchal translucency ๐
Explanation: Combined screening test for detecting Down syndrome in pregnancy.
๐ Maternal age ๐
๐ Serum markers (e.g., AFP, hCG) ๐
๐ Fetal nuchal translucency ๐
Explanation: Combined screening test for detecting Down syndrome in pregnancy.
20. Triad of Hutchinson's Teeth, Interstitial Keratitis, and Eighth Nerve Deafness
๐ Hutchinson's teeth (notched incisors) ๐ฆท
๐ Interstitial keratitis ๐๏ธ
๐ Eighth nerve deafness ๐
Explanation: Classical features of congenital syphilis affecting teeth, eyes, and hearing
๐ Hutchinson's teeth (notched incisors) ๐ฆท
๐ Interstitial keratitis ๐๏ธ
๐ Eighth nerve deafness ๐
Explanation: Classical features of congenital syphilis affecting teeth, eyes, and hearing
21. Quincke's Triad (Hereditary Angioedema)
๐ Recurrent episodes of non-pitting edema ๐ฆต
๐ Abdominal pain ๐คข
๐ Upper airway swelling ๐ซ
Explanation: Triad of symptoms seen in hereditary angioedema due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
๐ Recurrent episodes of non-pitting edema ๐ฆต
๐ Abdominal pain ๐คข
๐ Upper airway swelling ๐ซ
Explanation: Triad of symptoms seen in hereditary angioedema due to C1 esterase inhibitor deficiency.
Memorize these triads to ace your USMLE exams! ๐ง ๐ช
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