You’re not in control of your choices.
This Nobel Prize winner spent 44 years proving it.
He discovered a psychological flaw in human brain.
Once you see it, you can't unsee it.
And you'll question every decision you've ever made:🧵 x.com
This Nobel Prize winner spent 44 years proving it.
He discovered a psychological flaw in human brain.
Once you see it, you can't unsee it.
And you'll question every decision you've ever made:🧵 x.com
This is Daniel Kahneman:
• New York Times Bestseller
• Nobel Prize in Economics (2002)
• Presidential Medal of Freedom (2013)
For decades, he was obsessed with one question:
Why do rational people made irrational decisions? x.com
• New York Times Bestseller
• Nobel Prize in Economics (2002)
• Presidential Medal of Freedom (2013)
For decades, he was obsessed with one question:
Why do rational people made irrational decisions? x.com
You see...
You might think you're rational, but you're not.
Your brain has been fooling you your entire life.
Just look at this image 👇 x.com
You might think you're rational, but you're not.
Your brain has been fooling you your entire life.
Just look at this image 👇 x.com
All these lines are straight. If you want, open the image and measure them with a ruler.
The crazy part?
Even if you KNOW it's an illusion, your brain can't help but see the lines as skewed.
And this was Kahneman's breakthrough...
The crazy part?
Even if you KNOW it's an illusion, your brain can't help but see the lines as skewed.
And this was Kahneman's breakthrough...
In 1969, Kahneman discovered 2 modes of thinking:
• System 1: Fast and intuitive (Subconscious)
• System 2: Slow and analytical (Conscious)
Most people believe they think rationally.
But in reality, System 1 controls 95% of your choices.
And it’s full of hidden traps... x.com
• System 1: Fast and intuitive (Subconscious)
• System 2: Slow and analytical (Conscious)
Most people believe they think rationally.
But in reality, System 1 controls 95% of your choices.
And it’s full of hidden traps... x.com
In 2011, Kahneman wrote 'Thinking, Fast and Slow'.
• 10,000,000+ copies sold
• New York Times bestseller for 147 weeks
• Praised by Forbes and Wall Street Journal
This book exposed how irrational human brain is.
Here are 7 mental traps controlling every decision you make: x.com
• 10,000,000+ copies sold
• New York Times bestseller for 147 weeks
• Praised by Forbes and Wall Street Journal
This book exposed how irrational human brain is.
Here are 7 mental traps controlling every decision you make: x.com
[1/7] CONJUNCTION FALLACY
Look at this example and answer the question.
DON'T read further until you've answered it. x.com
Look at this example and answer the question.
DON'T read further until you've answered it. x.com
![[1/7] CONJUNCTION FALLACY
Look at this example and answer the question.
DON'T read further until y...](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GjQvN-SbwAA3Lem.png)
90% of people choose (b).
But it's wrong.
Think about it - if (b) is true, then (a) must be true as well. So (b) can never be more probable than (a).
However, System 1 tells you the answer is (b), because it better fits the narrative you've created in your head. x.com
But it's wrong.
Think about it - if (b) is true, then (a) must be true as well. So (b) can never be more probable than (a).
However, System 1 tells you the answer is (b), because it better fits the narrative you've created in your head. x.com
[2/7] REPRESENTATIVENESS HEURISTIC
You flip a coin 5 times in a row.
Which of these outcomes is more likely to happen?
Outcome 1: Tails-Heads-Tails-Tails-Heads
Outcome 2: Heads-Heads-Heads-Heads-Heads x.com
You flip a coin 5 times in a row.
Which of these outcomes is more likely to happen?
Outcome 1: Tails-Heads-Tails-Tails-Heads
Outcome 2: Heads-Heads-Heads-Heads-Heads x.com
![[2/7] REPRESENTATIVENESS HEURISTIC
You flip a coin 5 times in a row.
Which of these outcomes is mo...](https://pbs.twimg.com/media/GjQvPsubEAAZTwk.jpg)
95% of people say Outcome 1. It seems "more random" than Outcome 2.
But it isn't.
Both outcomes have exactly the same probability (1 in 32).
But since 5 heads in a row doesn't represent your idea of randomness, you dismiss it as a less likely outcome. x.com
But it isn't.
Both outcomes have exactly the same probability (1 in 32).
But since 5 heads in a row doesn't represent your idea of randomness, you dismiss it as a less likely outcome. x.com
[3/7] LOSS AVERSION
Human brain is extremely vulnerable to losses.
The pain of losing $10 is twice as big as the pleasure of winning $10.
If you don't believe me, watch this video: 👇 x.com
Human brain is extremely vulnerable to losses.
The pain of losing $10 is twice as big as the pleasure of winning $10.
If you don't believe me, watch this video: 👇 x.com
[4/7] ANCHORING BIAS
Your brain is terrible at guessing.
So it latches onto whatever information you have, to use as an "anchor".
But this means your brain is easy to manipulate... x.com
Your brain is terrible at guessing.
So it latches onto whatever information you have, to use as an "anchor".
But this means your brain is easy to manipulate... x.com
In marketing, anchoring is used to lower the perceived cost.
Look at this masterclass from Steve Jobs👇 x.com
Look at this masterclass from Steve Jobs👇 x.com
[5/7] CONFIRMATION BIAS
You only notice information that supports your beliefs.
If something don't fit your worldview, you ignore it.
In science or politics, this can be a deadly mistake. x.com
You only notice information that supports your beliefs.
If something don't fit your worldview, you ignore it.
In science or politics, this can be a deadly mistake. x.com
[6/7] THE ENDOWMENT EFFECT
If you own something, you build emotional attachment to it.
That's why people refuse to sell their lottery ticket, even for 8x of its price 👇 x.com
If you own something, you build emotional attachment to it.
That's why people refuse to sell their lottery ticket, even for 8x of its price 👇 x.com
[7/7] SUNK COST FALLACY
Letting go of your investments if difficult. That's why you:
• Finish reading even bad books
• Stay in toxic relationships for too long
• Refuse to leave the cinema when movie sucks
But logically, the past cost is irrelevant to future value. x.com
Letting go of your investments if difficult. That's why you:
• Finish reading even bad books
• Stay in toxic relationships for too long
• Refuse to leave the cinema when movie sucks
But logically, the past cost is irrelevant to future value. x.com
Kahneman showed that we're all irrational.
But if you're aware of it, you can control your impulsive thinking with logic.
To learn more, I highly recommend "Thinking Fast and Slow".
One of the best books about human mind I've ever read.
amazon.com
But if you're aware of it, you can control your impulsive thinking with logic.
To learn more, I highly recommend "Thinking Fast and Slow".
One of the best books about human mind I've ever read.
amazon.com
Hi, I'm Martin.
I'm obsessed with learning all I can and teaching all I learn.
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