Finance Legal Economics Ethics Technology
William MacAskill
William MacAskill

@willmacaskill

19 tweets 8 reads Nov 27, 2022
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This is a thread of my thoughts and feelings about the actions that led to FTX’s bankruptcy, and the enormous harm that was caused as a result, involving the likely loss of many thousands of innocent people’s savings.
Based on publicly available information, it seems to me more likely than not that senior leadership at FTX used customer deposits to bail out Alameda, despite terms of service prohibiting this, and a (later deleted) tweet from Sam claiming customer deposits are never invested.
Some places making the case for this view include: wsj.com; ; #xj4y7vzkg" target="_blank" rel="noopener" onclick="event.stopPropagation()">bloomberg.com (and follow on articles)
www.wsj.com

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www.bloomberg.com

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I am not certain that this is what happened. I haven’t been in contact with anyone at FTX (other than those at Future Fund), except a short email to resign from my unpaid advisor role at Future Fund. If new information vindicates FTX, I will change my view and offer an apology.
But if there was deception and misuse of funds, I am outraged, and I don’t know which emotion is stronger: my utter rage at Sam (and others?) for causing such harm to so many people, or my sadness and self-hatred for falling for this deception.
I want to make it utterly clear: if those involved deceived others and engaged in fraud (whether illegal or not) that may cost many thousands of people their savings, they entirely abandoned the principles of the effective altruism community.
If this is what happened, then I cannot in words convey how strongly I condemn what they did. I had put my trust in Sam, and if he lied and misused customer funds he betrayed me, just as he betrayed his customers, his employees, his investors, & the communities he was a part of.
For years, the EA community has emphasised the importance of integrity, honesty, and the respect of common-sense moral constraints. If customer funds were misused, then Sam did not listen; he must have thought he was above such considerations.
A clear-thinking EA should strongly oppose “ends justify the means” reasoning. I hope to write more soon about this. In the meantime, here are some links to writings produced over the years.
These are some relevant sections from What We Owe The Future:
These are some relevant sections from What We Owe The Future: https://t.co/sPfNF5WzaL
These are some relevant sections from What We Owe The Future: https://t.co/sPfNF5WzaL
These are some relevant sections from What We Owe The Future: https://t.co/sPfNF5WzaL
These are some relevant sections from What We Owe The Future: https://t.co/sPfNF5WzaL
Here is Toby Ord in The Precipice:
Here is Toby Ord in The Precipice: https://t.co/wvIJ0n6cu8
Here is Holden Karnofsky: forum.effectivealtruism.org
forum.effectivealtruism.org

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Here are the Centre for Effective Altruism’s Guiding Principles: forum.effectivealtruism.org
Here are the Centre for Effective Altruism’s Guiding Principles: https://t.co/9bfPzoUblB https://t.c...
forum.effectivealtruism.org

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If FTX misused customer funds, then I personally will have much to reflect on. Sam and FTX had a lot of goodwill – and some of that goodwill was the result of association with ideas I have spent my career promoting. If that goodwill laundered fraud, I am ashamed.
As a community, too, we will need to reflect on what has happened, and how we could reduce the chance of anything like this from happening again. Yes, we want to make the world better, and yes, we should be ambitious in the pursuit of that.
But that in no way justifies fraud. If you think that you’re the exception, you’re duping yourself.
We must make clear that we do not see ourselves as above common-sense ethical norms, and must engage criticism with humility.
I know that others from inside and outside of the community have worried about the misuse of EA ideas in ways that could cause harm. I used to think these worries, though worth taking seriously, seemed speculative and unlikely.
I was probably wrong. I will be reflecting on this in the days and months to come, and thinking through what should change.

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